• Flies – responsible for spread of the bacteria between animals
• Ultraviolet light – sensitises and can damage the cornea
• Long grass – causes physical damage and can cause mechanical transmission
• Dust – irritates eyes, increases tear production and assists spread
• Pigmentation – pinkeye is generally more common in non-pigmented eyes
• More common in Bos taurus than Bos indicus cattle
• Overcrowding (e.g. cattle congregating for drought feeding, yard weaning)
• Immune status - cattle in poor body condition tend to be less able to mount a
protective immune response against the bacteria. Prior exposure leads to
immunity, hence disease is more common in young stock. Adult stock are still
susceptible if they have not been previously infected. Herd outbreaks were
observed in Tasmania when the disease was first introduced.